Heating, ventilation and air conditioning represent over 50% of energy expenses in many buildings, and this applies for both residential and commercial properties. Therefore, energy efficiency measures that target HVAC can achieve high energy savings.
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When building owners want to improve HVAC efficiency, a common mistake is focusing only on equipment. There are many other factors that affect energy consumption, and a good design considers all of them. For example, even if a building uses high-efficiency chillers and boilers, there will be energy waste if the insulation is deficient. Thermostat settings and other usage habits also have a strong effect on energy expenses.
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Heating and air conditioning systems work optimally when the following conditions are met:
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Heating and cooling efficiency starts with the building envelope. The two most important elements are airtightness and insulation, since they reduce the workload on HVAC equipment.
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There are many types of insulation, and they vary in performance and cost. The best opportunity to achieve a high R-value is the initial construction process, since insulation can be embedded in walls and other building elements. Insulation improvements are also possible in existing buildings, but they must be applied as a layer or sprayed into hollow spaces.
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Airtightness is also important, since air leaks waste cooling power during summer and heating power during winter. Ideally a building should have an airtight construction from the start, but air leakage can also be detected and fixed in existing buildings.
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Insulation issues and air leaks leave no visual signs, but they are detected with several methods during an energy audit. For example, areas with poor insulation and air leaks can both be visualized with a thermal imaging camera, due to the temperature differences they produce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n